Diagnosis
Depression is diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment conducted by a mental health professional. During the assessment, the professional will evaluate the symptoms, duration, and severity of depressive episodes to determine an accurate diagnosis. They may use criteria outlined in diagnostic manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to guide their evaluation.
The diagnostic process typically involves a thorough discussion of symptoms, medical and psychiatric history, and a review of any underlying conditions that may contribute to depression. The healthcare professional may also use standardised screening tools or questionnaires to gather additional information.
Treatment
Once diagnosed, various treatment options are available to help individuals manage and overcome depression. Treatment plans are often personalised to address specific needs and preferences. Managing symptoms usually involves three components:
- Support: This can range from discussing practical solutions and possible causes to educating family members.
- Psychotherapy: Also known as talking therapy, some options include one-to-one counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
- Drug treatment: A doctor may prescribe antidepressants.